Agrobacterium-tumefaciens Ti plasmids cause tumors {crown gall tumor} in dicot plant cells. Agrobacteria have genes that make proteins that hold bacteria on plants.
Agrobacterium-tumefaciens large, circular, DNA plasmids {Ti plasmid} can cause crown gall tumors. Ti plasmids carry genes and antibiotic marker genes into plant leaf cells, in the leaf-disk technique. Ti-DNA sequences can insert into dicot-plant-cell chromosomes. Ti DNA codes auxin enzyme.
Regenerating-plant-cell molecules activate Ti-plasmid genes {vir gene}, which make trans-acting proteins to transform cells to tumors. After vir genes start making proteins, cells release transposable elements with 25-base border ends as single-strand DNAs {T-DNA}.
T-DNA codes for special amino acids {opine, amino acid} that other Ti enzymes break down for food.
Ti DNA codes enzymes and hormones {auxin enzyme} {phytohormone} that together cause tumor-cell division.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225